2-甲基丁酸对断奶前后犊牛瘤胃发酵、酶活及纤维分解菌菌群的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2015.12.013

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (12): 2218-2226.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2015.12.013

2-甲基丁酸对断奶前后犊牛瘤胃发酵、酶活及纤维分解菌菌群的影响

李鹤琼¹，刘强^1*，王聪¹，张延利¹，裴彩霞¹，王永新¹，郭刚¹，霍文婕¹，张拴林¹，刘建新²

（1.山西农业大学动物科技学院，太谷 030801； 2.浙江大学动物科学学院，杭州 310058）

收稿日期:2015-02-25 出版日期:2015-12-23 发布日期:2015-12-23
通讯作者: 刘强，教授，博士，主要从事反刍动物营养与饲料科学研究，E-mail：liuqiangabc@163.com
作者简介:李鹤琼（1991-），女，山西沁水人，硕士生，主要从事反刍动物营养与饲料科学研究，E-mail：joan374261795@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（31272471）；山西省高校“131”领军人才项目（2013）；山西农业大学学术带头人项目（2012）

Effects of 2-methylbutyrate Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation，Enzyme Activities and Cellulolytic Bacteria in Pre- and Post-weaning Dairy Calves

LI He-qiong¹，LIU Qiang^1* ，WANG Cong¹，ZHANG Yan-li¹，PEI Cai-xia¹，WANG Yong-xin¹，GUO Gang¹，HUO Wen-jie¹，ZHANG Shuan-lin¹，LIU Jian-xin²

（1.College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine，Shanxi Agricultural University，Taigu 030801，China；2.College of Animal Science，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310058，China）

Received:2015-02-25 Online:2015-12-23 Published:2015-12-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过研究日粮添加2-甲基丁酸对断奶前后犊牛瘤胃发酵、酶活及纤维分解菌菌群的影响，旨在探讨其对犊牛瘤胃发育的影响。试验选取32头体重（46.45 ± 0.37） kg 15日龄的荷斯坦哺乳公犊，随机分为4组，每组8头，对照组犊牛断奶前饲喂鲜奶，断奶后饲喂犊牛料和苜蓿干草，试验组在对照组日粮基础上分别添加3、6和9 g•d^-1的2-甲基丁酸，犊牛在45日龄断奶，分别于30和90日龄时从各组抽取4头，晨饲前称重后进行屠宰并采样测定指标。结果表明，90日龄犊牛瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸及乙酸与丙酸比例，滤纸酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、纤维二糖酶、木聚糖酶、α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶和蛋白酶的活力，溶纤维丁酸弧菌、白色瘤胃球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌的数量，较30日龄均显著增高（P<0.05），而pH和氨态氮浓度均显著降低（P<0.05）。日粮添加6和9 g•d^-1的2-甲基丁酸，较对照组显著降低了瘤胃pH，较3 g•d^-1和对照组显著降低了氨态氮浓度（P<0.05），日粮添加9 g•d^-1 的2-甲基丁酸较3 g•d^-1和对照组显著提高乙酸与丙酸比例，较3 g•d^-1和对照组显著提高滤纸酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、纤维二糖酶、木聚糖酶、α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶的活力，较3 g•d-1和对照组显著提高纤维丁酸弧菌、白色瘤胃球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌的数量，但对蛋白酶的活力无显著影响（P>0.05）。结果提示，2-甲基丁酸通过刺激纤维分解菌和淀粉分解菌的生长提高瘤胃纤维分解酶和淀粉降解酶的活力，从而促进瘤胃发酵和瘤胃的发育；根据各项指标综合考虑，建议2-甲基丁酸的适宜添加量为6 g•d^-1。

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2-methylbutyrate supplementation on development of rumen by determining rumen fermentation，enzyme activities and cellulolytic bacteria in pre- and post-weaning dairy calves.Thirty-two Holstein male calves with 15-day-old and body weight(46.45±0.37) kg were selected and allocated randomly to 4 groups.Calves in control were fed on milk during pre-weaning and on calf-concentrate and alfalfa hay during post-weaning.Calves in treatments were supplemented 2-methylbutyrate at levels of 3，6 and 9 g•d^-1，respectively.All calves were weaned at 45-day-old.At 30- and 90-day-old，4 calves in each group were selected at random and slaughtered at morning before feeding，and samples of ruminal liquid and rumen mucosa were collected and determined.The results showed that total VFA concentrations，ratio of acetate to propionate，activities of filter paper enzymes，carboxymethyl cellulose，cellobiose enzymes，xylanase，α-amylase，β-amylase and protease，populations of R.albus，R.flavefaciens，B.fibrisolvens and F.succinogenes in calves at 90-day-old were increased compared with calves at 30-day-old(P<0.05)，while ruminal pH and ammonia N concentration were decreased(P<0.05).When calves were supplemented 2-methylbutyrate at 6 and 9 g•d^-1，ruminal pH were decreased compared with control，ammonia N concentration were decreased compared with control and calves supplemented 2-methylbutyrate at 3 g•d^-1(P<0.05).When calves were supplemented 2-methylbutyrate at 9 g•d^-1，ratio of acetate to propionate was enhanced，activities of filter paper enzymes，carboxymethyl cellulose，cellobiose enzymes，xylanase，α-amylase and β-amylase were increased，populations of R.albus，R.flavefaciens，B.fibrisolvens and F.succinogenes were improved compared with control and calves supplemented 2-methylbutyrate at 3 g•d^-1，but activities of protease were not affected.The results indicated that the growth of cellulolytic bacteria and amylolytic bacteria were stimulated by supplemental 2-methylbutyrate，and then activities of cellulolytic and amylolytic enzymes were enhanced，which improved the rumen fermentation.The optimum daily dose of 2-methylbutyrate was at 6 g•d^-1.

中图分类号:

S823.5

李鹤琼，刘强，王聪，张延利，裴彩霞，王永新，郭刚，霍文婕，张拴林，刘建新. 2-甲基丁酸对断奶前后犊牛瘤胃发酵、酶活及纤维分解菌菌群的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2015, 46(12): 2218-2226.

LI He-qiong，LIU Qiang，WANG Cong，ZHANG Yan-li，PEI Cai-xia，WANG Yong-xin，GUO Gang，HUO Wen-jie，ZHANG Shuan-lin，LIU Jian-xin. Effects of 2-methylbutyrate Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation，Enzyme Activities and Cellulolytic Bacteria in Pre- and Post-weaning Dairy Calves[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2015, 46(12): 2218-2226.

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2-甲基丁酸对断奶前后犊牛瘤胃发酵、酶活及纤维分解菌菌群的影响

Effects of 2-methylbutyrate Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation，Enzyme Activities and Cellulolytic Bacteria in Pre- and Post-weaning Dairy Calves

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